Radiation Oncology

The primary goal of radiation therapy is to shrink or eliminate tumors by damaging the DNA inside cancer cells, preventing them from growing and dividing. Unlike surgery, which physically removes tumors, radiation therapy works by targeting the tumor from outside the body or inside, using various techniques like external beam radiation or internal radiation (brachytherapy). External beam radiation is the most common, where radiation is directed precisely at the tumor from a machine outside the body. Brachytherapy involves placing radioactive material directly inside or near the tumor, allowing for a higher concentration of radiation in a localized area.

Radiation oncology is not only used for curative treatment but also plays a significant role in palliative care. For example, it can help alleviate symptoms such as pain, bleeding, or obstruction caused by tumors, improving the patient’s quality of life. It can also be used before surgery to shrink a tumor, making it easier to remove, or after surgery to target any remaining cancer cells.

The field of radiation oncology is continuously evolving, with advancements in techniques like intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), which allow for even more precise treatment, reducing side effects and improving outcomes. Radiation oncologists work closely with other specialists to develop a comprehensive treatment plan that provides the best possible care for each patient, enhancing survival rates and improving overall well-being.